Colonization provided a great opportunity for the local society to catch up. However, the ultimate deciding factors still lie on the civilization stage of the locals.
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11-3(#16370948@0)
Mainland China has no civilization issue. It's Communism. Look at other Chinese societies.
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11-3(#16371005@0)+1
The Tsing Dynasty openned up to the West in the second half of the 19th century. Within a few decades, Chinese were already capable to design and build railways in innovative ways.
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11-3(#16371011@0)